The fluorescence of indole moieties (such as that in Trp) is "red-shifted" (higher peak wave-lengths) and less intense (lower fluorescence) in more aqueous solvents. Hence, a "blue shift" (to lower peak wave-lengths) and intensity increase indicate a shielding from aqueous environs. Such a shift is observed when tubulin and hemiasterlin interact. The "blue shift" and intensity rise of a tubulin-hemiasterlin complex is more than additive, demonstrating (i) binding, and (ii) shielding of hemiasterlin’s indole moiety from aqueous solvent. This effect will be exploited to quantify binding variables.

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